CST MWS仿真天線能量得不到擴(kuò)散怎么解決
最近在研究切比雪夫分布的天線陣列,仿了一個(gè)1*8的天線矩形微帶天線陣列,但是能量曲線一直到不了-30dB
模型如下:
功分器分配的功率從左到右為切比雪夫分布,關(guān)于中心對(duì)稱的。
仿真不能完全結(jié)束就停止掉了,能量曲線如圖:
并且出現(xiàn)警告:Maximum simulation time reached, solver stopped.
Please note that the steady state energy criterion has not been satisfied. More...
1 warning occurred.
點(diǎn)擊More,出現(xiàn):
Maximum number of pulse widths simulated, solver stopped. / Maximum simulation time reached, solver stopped. Please note that the steady state energy criterion has not been satisfied.
The transient solver operates with a time pulse as excitation, and the simulation stops when one of the following conditions are met:
•
Either the remaining energy in the calculation domain as well as the port signals have decreased to the steady state value specified on the time domain solver parameter page in the Accuracy field.
•
The simulation time reaches the maximum solver duration, either defined as Time, Number of pulses or Propagation distance on the Steady state tab on the Special Time Domain Solver Parameter page.
The warning appears when the latter condition was satisfied first before the accuracy level has been reached. This means the energy level remaining in the structure is still bigger than the specified steady state value. Usually this is the case for resonating (energy stays inside the structure for a long time) or large structures (it takes a long time for a pulse to penetrate through the structure). The extra energy would appear as a truncation error, which causes some ripples in the S-parameter curves.
Recommended solutions are the following:
•For non-resonating structures, the maximum solver duration setting can be adjusted, with the appropriate choice of defining number of pulses or a time or propagation distance setting.
•For resonating structures a much better approach would be to activate the Autoregressive Filter (see advanced Topics manual) on the AR Filter tab on the Special Time Domain Solver Parameter page, which allows to shorten the simulation time and in addition to avoid the truncation error.
根據(jù)解決辦法,是需要激活A(yù)R-Filter功能,但是激活完就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)能量只衰減了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)就停掉了,雖然沒(méi)有警告,但是覺得結(jié)果很不不可靠!
之前我在仿真功分器的時(shí)候也出現(xiàn)這種情況,多虧了hawk8969 大神幫我解決了,主要是背景材料中的距離設(shè)置的太小了,估計(jì)有點(diǎn)空間諧振了,所以出現(xiàn)這種情況,但是這次完全是根據(jù)軟件自己設(shè)定的空氣盒子的大小確定的,默認(rèn)的,所以沒(méi)改動(dòng),我試了一下將upper Z改成20,結(jié)果更差,只衰減到-25.8dB,所以我猜想不是這個(gè)原因
S11也很差,全是毛刺,不知道為什么
但是方向圖感覺還可以
但是有警告的結(jié)果不敢相信,有沒(méi)有人遇到過(guò)這種情況,幫忙解決一下啊,謝謝?。?nbsp;
最近在研究切比雪夫分布的天線陣列,仿了一個(gè)1*8的天線矩形微帶天線陣列,但是能量曲線一直到不了-30dB
模型如下:
[attachment=60687]
功分器分配的功率從左到右為切比雪夫分布,關(guān)于中心對(duì)稱的。
仿真不能完全結(jié)束就停止掉了,能量曲線如圖:
[attachment=60689]
并且出現(xiàn)警告:Maximum simulation time reached, solver stopped.
Please note that the steady state energy criterion has not been satisfied. More...
1 warning occurred.
點(diǎn)擊More,出現(xiàn):
Maximum number of pulse widths simulated, solver stopped. / Maximum simulation time reached, solver stopped. Please note that the steady state energy criterion has not been satisfied.
The transient solver operates with a time pulse as excitation, and the simulation stops when one of the following conditions are met:
•
Either the remaining energy in the calculation domain as well as the port signals have decreased to the steady state value specified on the time domain solver parameter page in the Accuracy field.
•
The simulation time reaches the maximum solver duration, either defined as Time, Number of pulses or Propagation distance on the Steady state tab on the Special Time Domain Solver Parameter page.
The warning appears when the latter condition was satisfied first before the accuracy level has been reached. This means the energy level remaining in the structure is still bigger than the specified steady state value. Usually this is the case for resonating (energy stays inside the structure for a long time) or large structures (it takes a long time for a pulse to penetrate through the structure). The extra energy would appear as a truncation error, which causes some ripples in the S-parameter curves.
Recommended solutions are the following:
•For non-resonating structures, the maximum solver duration setting can be adjusted, with the appropriate choice of defining number of pulses or a time or propagation distance setting.
•For resonating structures a much better approach would be to activate the Autoregressive Filter (see advanced Topics manual) on the AR Filter tab on the Special Time Domain Solver Parameter page, which allows to shorten the simulation time and in addition to avoid the truncation error.
根據(jù)解決辦法,是需要激活A(yù)R-Filter功能,但是激活完就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)能量只衰減了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)就停掉了,雖然沒(méi)有警告,但是覺得結(jié)果很不不可靠!
之前我在仿真功分器的時(shí)候也出現(xiàn)這種情況,多虧了hawk8969 大神幫我解決了,主要是背景材料中的距離設(shè)置的太小了,估計(jì)有點(diǎn)空間諧振了,所以出現(xiàn)這種情況,但是這次完全是根據(jù)軟件自己設(shè)定的空氣盒子的大小確定的,默認(rèn)的,所以沒(méi)改動(dòng),我試了一下將upper Z改成20,結(jié)果更差,只衰減到-25.8dB,所以我猜想不是這個(gè)原因
[attachment=60688]
S11也很差,全是毛刺,不知道為什么
[attachment=60690]
但是方向圖感覺還可以
[attachment=60691]
但是有警告的結(jié)果不敢相信,有沒(méi)有人遇到過(guò)這種情況,幫忙解決一下啊,謝謝!!
模型在1樓,之前忘記上傳了,不好意思
我設(shè)置的的頻率是2.45GHz
不使用對(duì)稱面試試
還是不行哎,怎么回事呢
“仿真不能完全結(jié)束就停止掉了”,沒(méi)有這種說(shuō)法!仿真停止就是結(jié)束了,仿真沒(méi)停止就沒(méi)有結(jié)束。仿真軟件里停止(或結(jié)束)是通過(guò)條件判斷的,理論上高斯激勵(lì)之后器件內(nèi)的能量全部耗散完是結(jié)束的條件,但是這是不可能的,因此仿真軟件里引入了“數(shù)值噪聲”的概念。數(shù)值噪聲定義為和激勵(lì)能量的一個(gè)比值,這個(gè)數(shù)值就是time domain solver里accuracy這個(gè)參數(shù)。默認(rèn)-30 dB意味著數(shù)值噪聲為激勵(lì)能量的千分之一,設(shè)置為-50 dB就是十萬(wàn)分之一。對(duì)于有些模型,能量耗散得極其緩慢,因此時(shí)域仿真同時(shí)規(guī)定了最大仿真時(shí)間,默認(rèn)是20個(gè)激勵(lì)信號(hào)的長(zhǎng)度。如果在20個(gè)信號(hào)長(zhǎng)度之內(nèi),數(shù)值噪聲達(dá)到accuracy的數(shù)值,仿真停止(結(jié)束);否則,到20個(gè)信號(hào)長(zhǎng)度時(shí)仿真仍然停止(結(jié)束)。因此沒(méi)有“仿真不能完全結(jié)束就停止掉了”這種說(shuō)法?。ㄕ?qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀幫助文件的內(nèi)容)
AR-Filter是一種解決方案,但是請(qǐng)注意是有適用條件的!幫助文件使用的是“would”,不是“is”!使用AR-Filter的目的就是為了讓field energy只衰減一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)就結(jié)束仿真,縮短仿真時(shí)間。否則使用AR-Filter又繼續(xù)跑完field engergy的意義是什么?至于結(jié)果可不可靠,和仿真運(yùn)行了多久沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系。
S11“應(yīng)該”是什么樣,樓主應(yīng)該自己心里有數(shù)。否則仿真就變成了摸獎(jiǎng),全憑撞大運(yùn)。運(yùn)行出來(lái)一個(gè)結(jié)果連是不是“合理”的都說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。
“有警告的結(jié)果不敢相信”,如果這是真理,那么這個(gè)世界上沒(méi)有幾個(gè)EMC的模型可以做仿真了。
樓主的模型:
精力有限就不詳細(xì)分析了,但是網(wǎng)格的處理很費(fèi)解,尤其是substrate的local mesh properties,不理解為什么要設(shè)置為厚度的三分之一。介質(zhì)厚度是0.25毫米,三分之一就是0.083毫米,這就是模型的minimum mesh step,非常小,導(dǎo)致仿真的時(shí)間會(huì)拖得非常久,根本沒(méi)必要!這個(gè)數(shù)值設(shè)置為0.2毫米就已經(jīng)能計(jì)算出正確的line impedance了。
把仿真頻率設(shè)置為0-5 GHz,global mesh properties設(shè)置為10、10、10,取消metal edge refinement factor。Time domain solver激活adaptive mesh refinement,得到的S11:
網(wǎng)格優(yōu)化對(duì)S11的影響:
Field Engergy:
Field energy耗散得慢這是這個(gè)模型自身的特性,但不見得AR-Filter就是這個(gè)模型的解決方案。
Port Signal:
Port signal可以看到端口反射能量很不規(guī)律,個(gè)人不認(rèn)為這樣的模型適用AR-Filter。在time domain solver里激活online AR-Filter并不會(huì)縮短仿真時(shí)間,也驗(yàn)證了我的觀點(diǎn)。如果要得到很低的field energy,只能增大maximum simulation time。在0-5 GHz的前提下,激勵(lì)時(shí)長(zhǎng)是0.7納秒,那么20個(gè)脈沖長(zhǎng)度就是14納秒左右。要得到比如-50 dB的field energy,大概需要60-80個(gè)脈沖長(zhǎng)度。在Pass 6 940680個(gè)網(wǎng)格的條件下,我的8核工作站仿真時(shí)間是19分鐘,因此60-80個(gè)脈沖長(zhǎng)度大概需要一到一個(gè)半小時(shí)。
需要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,仿真結(jié)果是否準(zhǔn)確只取決于網(wǎng)格劃分的是否合理,和field energy是否耗散到很低無(wú)關(guān)!Trunction error只是讓S參數(shù)曲線存在“波紋”,對(duì)于數(shù)值準(zhǔn)確性本身沒(méi)有影響!
幫助文件需要仔細(xì)閱讀:《Mesh Generation Overview》、《AR-Filter Overview》、《Time Domain Solver Performance Improvement》、《Signals in Time Domain Simulation》。
老帖也值得參考:本專區(qū)的“CST MWS計(jì)算腔體屏蔽效能的問(wèn)題”。
我想這個(gè)能量不消散是不是因?yàn)閹捥?,能量一直在功分器里面震蕩?p class="mwqa">首先感謝你每次都能不遺余力的幫我解決問(wèn)題,非常感謝?。?!
雖然我是新手,但是你說(shuō)的有些東西我還是有些不同意,我之前看到論壇里面的視頻上說(shuō),就是CST官方的視頻,對(duì)于微帶結(jié)構(gòu),網(wǎng)格設(shè)置要求是≤35,≤35,≥50,而你的設(shè)置是10,10,10,個(gè)人感覺有些不妥,另外,我設(shè)置substrate的網(wǎng)格剖分是substrate厚度的三分之一也是根據(jù)幫助文檔里面的要求來(lái)的,具體我記不清在哪邊看的了
首先來(lái)說(shuō)網(wǎng)格,35,35,50的設(shè)置只是推薦值,并不是必須的
如果網(wǎng)格質(zhì)量很好,10,10,10也沒(méi)問(wèn)題,尤其是還有子網(wǎng)格的存在
substrate設(shè)置三分之一還是二分之一我想?yún)^(qū)別應(yīng)該不大,記得好像是至少有一條網(wǎng)格線即可